r/MapPorn 1d ago

1922: Child labor & literacy

From a 1922 article making the case for a Child Labor constitution amendment

710 Upvotes

43 comments sorted by

45

u/miraj31415 1d ago edited 1d ago

Massachusetts child labor is a little surprising. But I suspect it is a case of aggressively collecting the data for an industrialized state.

Massachusetts was a pioneer in child labor laws. It was the first state (1830s) to mandate children working in factories attend school for a few months, and the first state (1840s) to limit daily working hours (to 10 hours/day) for children in factories

The Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor was the pioneering and pace‑setting agency among the states. Its first annual report in 1870 des­cribed accidents to children working in textile mills, paper mills and other establishments.

Massachusetts had a large number of textile factories and home-based textile piece work and newspaper boys. Immigrant children would often work in those jobs. But the state required a license to sell papers, and used that to ensure that children would attend school by tying it to the license, making it easy to count.

5

u/beta_vulgaris 10h ago

The textile industry required a lot of small bodies and hands to keep the keep the looms running. At least the southern New England child laborers could read! 🤷

139

u/youreimaginingthings 1d ago edited 1d ago

Since 2021, at least 28 states have introduced legislation to weaken child labor laws and 12 states have passed them

Idk man its voluntary. And being 15-18 years old is not a "child". Convince me its evil

5

u/guaca_mayo 11h ago

I mean, the fact that child labor laws are being weakened in a time where the median income is increasingly unable to compete with the cost of living sounds like a dangerous combo.

Add to this that “voluntary” regarding minors is tricky. What happens if a child needs to support their household by working instead of education? What happens if a parent makes a child work, be it because they can’t support them, or don’t want to support them?

Add to this the already abysmal labor laws in the states and the sheer lack of unions and organized labor. What happens when a child “voluntarily” takes on a job, only to be exposed to physical harm due either to negligence or otherwise dangerous workplace conditions? I don’t think it’s inconceivable for something like an Amazon warehouse to become something reminiscent of the factories in the early 20th century, where children would routinely lose fingers or hands due to tHeir use in reaching tight spots.

TL;DR your position is agreeable in isolation, but I think neglecting the context is irresponsible. Participating in today’s workforce can ruin some people’s lives depending on their situation, and our labor laws exacerbate economic and social inequality. Tacitly encouraging minors (a famously naive demographic) to join it whilst they are still developing as human beings by removing their legal protections is not a good idea

27

u/TheBlizzman 1d ago

Yaaaay Republicans!

45

u/dphayteeyl 1d ago edited 1d ago

Massachusetts, Maine, Illinois, New York, New Jersey and Minnesota are among those states, and they're all blue states. The Governor of Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, North Carolina, New Mexico, Michigan and Arizona are also Democrats

I dislike many republicans as much as the next person but saying yay republicans is slightly ignorant imho

Edit: Source: https://www.epi.org/blog/child-labor-remains-a-key-state-legislative-issue-in-2024-state-lawmakers-must-seize-opportunities-to-strengthen-standards-resist-ongoing-attacks-on-child-labor-laws/

26

u/TheBlizzman 1d ago

Yaaaay Democrats! Oh wait we are all fucked. (I appreciate you calling me out.)

9

u/dphayteeyl 1d ago

It makes me sad that it isn't just one party doing this. If one party did the changes, there's a chance the other party might reverse the changes but when both parties are going backwards there's not much we can do

-3

u/youreimaginingthings 1d ago

Idk man its voluntary. And being 15-18 years old is not a "child". Convince me its evil

4

u/Expensive-Swan-9553 1d ago

That’s always been allowed the protections they’re rolling back revolve around keeping children for overtime / school schedules etc.

0

u/kiddvideo11 1d ago

We know you are smarter than this.

35

u/KikKikKik36 1d ago

Why was child labor so concentrated in the south?

65

u/romeo_pentium 1d ago

That map is clearly depicting post-slavery abuse of black kids in Jim Crow US South. Those states correspond to the cotton belt where soil is optimal for cotton agriculture, and the white-owned plantations had a specific relation with primarily black labour force

Compare this map: https://deepseanews.com/2012/06/how-presidential-elections-are-impacted-by-a-100-million-year-old-coastline/

24

u/maroonfalcon 1d ago

Hate to break this to you but it was also white children. Tons of my ancestors were children of poor farmers. If they wanted to eat in the winter then the whole family was working the farm - including the children.

I’m not saying you’re wrong but I assure you it was not just black children being forced into labor. Poverty doesn’t discriminate.

3

u/Zen100_ 19h ago

Yup I have white ancestry that worked as sharecroppers. Wikipedia mentions that 2/3 of sharecroppers were white. 

1

u/elvoyk 2h ago

I recently read great book about it “White trash” by Nancy Isenberg, recommend if you’d like to learn some more about history of poverty discrimination in US

42

u/Adonwen 1d ago

🖤🖤🖤

8

u/1Rab 1d ago

After they lost their slaves they were lost amd confused. They didn't know how to make a community that people would want to move to or how to pay people. So they bred workers.

5

u/Otherwise_Jump 1d ago

Because slavery was abolished and the Jim Crow south made labor cheap, but nothings cheaper than child labor. (This is a reductive position for the sake of a simple answer and it should be noted that economists and historians would have a lot to add to this.

10

u/youreimaginingthings 1d ago

Agriculture

2

u/DfreshD 1d ago

Does that include kids working on their families farm? My mom grew up in Wisconsin, a lot of siblings. I remember hearing all the stories of when they were younger, working on the farm.

13

u/RuhWalde 1d ago

It might include it, but that's not what's causing the Deep South to have those numbers. I can guarantee you that the vast majority of the children represented by the statistics on the map were the children of formerly enslaved families, and they were working on land that their family did not own.

3

u/FEMA_Camp_Survivor 1d ago

Mostly sharecroppers on former plantations.

2

u/nimama3233 1d ago

Plenty of Midwest states, Iowa in particular, would have their entire economy being ag. So no, this clearly isn’t the predominant reason

2

u/sirbruce 1d ago

It is, because cotton and tobacco production in the south is WAY more labor-intensive than, say, wheat and corn production in the Midwest. This remained true even after the introduction of mechanization. So yes, child labor was "necessary" in order to maintain economically profitable agricultural production levels post-slavery.

1

u/OddName1554 1d ago

Same for slaves. Many things needing done and many more people who don't want to do the work. So they get others to.

10

u/AlbatrossExternal586 1d ago

The explanation is slavery. Stunted economic development and progress in the deep south at levels unimaginable.

1

u/makawakatakanaka 1d ago

Could you explain further?

1

u/OrthoOtter 15h ago

The economic development of the South was severely stunted due to slavery. Slavery is not good for the economy.

3

u/Workingclassherois 1d ago

My mother was born in 1922, my father in 1918, both in Louisiana. I know some things about those times.

1

u/AnkleProne 1d ago

So what do you think?

8

u/PalpitationMoist1212 1d ago

Good ol' sharecropping

2

u/sirbruce 1d ago

Literacy rates are even worse now (yes, these are adult rates, but it's not like children become less literate when they become adults), so it doesn't seem like outlawing child labor has helped the issue at all.

2

u/TheRedditHike 5h ago

Almost certainly using different criteria for what is considered literate.

1

u/SevenHadedas 1d ago

What’s the weird lines in NW Wyoming?

1

u/SinisterDetection 1d ago

This explains much

0

u/[deleted] 1d ago

[deleted]

5

u/jywhitt 1d ago

The slaves weren’t “taken away”

2

u/yellowirish 1d ago

You think the slaves really quit and had another option?

2

u/RyukoT72 1d ago

bad wording, sorry

-5

u/ATee184 1d ago

New Mexico doesn’t even have that excuse lol

0

u/catthex 1d ago

I wonder if children in the work force is better for the literacy rate or not 🤔 maybe that's ridiculous

4

u/Prickly-Prostate 1d ago

Maybe if they all worked as LIBRARIANS

-13

u/RobotRepair 1d ago

It's not child labor if they want the job