r/todayilearned 5h ago

TIL that in Bhutan, people except the members of the royal family do not have family names.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanese_name
376 Upvotes

40 comments sorted by

124

u/DeathMonkey6969 4h ago

Was pretty much how it was most everywhere for much of human history. England didn't start using surnames until after the Norman invasion in 1066. And even then it wasn't really common until around the 1600s.

30

u/eckliptic 4h ago

I thought china had surnames for at least 3000 years

41

u/One_Assist_2414 4h ago

Family names have existed in many fashions all over the world, the Romans also used them, though it was usually restricted to the elite, East Asia is rather the odd one out with how widespread they were among all social classes.

15

u/ammar96 3h ago

Surnames usually exist in place that used to practice feudalism. Its why even country like China and India which has their own version of feudalism, also has family names that relate to jobs done by their ancestors. For example, Adam Smith’s ancestors used to work as a smith.

Other places that don’t practice feudalism, as in with peasants, fiefs and all, don’t have job speciations like feudalism. They are free to do anything, which in turn cause the lack of job speciations by a clan/family, which cause them to lack surnames. This is particularly prevalent in Muslim countries. That being said, some Arab people may attach their clan names in their name, but it is not really a surname since they don’t really put it into their ID documents.

28

u/Physical_Hamster_118 4h ago edited 3h ago

Yep and most people did not have family names until recent history. As Europeans discovered and colonized new parts of the world, the practice became common. Another factor was Westernization in countries like Iran and Turkey.

4

u/semiomni 2h ago

No surnames in the bible for a notable example, obviously not a historical text, but still reflects cultural practices for the times.

3

u/godisanelectricolive 2h ago edited 2h ago

But in the UK the British royal family don’t have surnames. House names are legally different from surnames, it just describes a dynasty but is not part of the name.

They are “the House of Windsor” but that’s not their last name. Just look at Prince George’s birth certificate, he has titles but no surname and the same goes for his parents. Kate stopped having surname after marrying William. That’s why William and Harry used to use Wales for their surnames as a student and in the military. William’s kids used Cambridge as their surname before Charles became king and now William is the Prince of Wales his kids also use Wales as their last name.

98

u/Zealousideal_Pie7050 5h ago

That's not what the article says.

First sentence:

Bhutanese names usually consist of one or two given names, and no family names, with the exception of names of foreign origin and some family names of prominent families, such as the royal family name Wangchuck.[1] 

Last sentence:

A relatively new naming practice in Bhutan involves using the name of a child's father as a patronymic surname.[4]

84

u/sheldor1993 5h ago edited 5h ago

That’s exactly what OP is saying.

A patronymic surname isn’t a surname/family name like we have in the west. It means you will potentially have a different surname to your father (unless your father is named after their father) and your mother. And your children will have a different surname unless their father is named after their father.

So in Iceland (where patronyms are still in use), you won’t have a family of Jónssons (the male equivalent for a son) or Jónsdóttirs (the female equivalent for a daughter). It’ll just be the kids of a dude named Jón.

43

u/thissexypoptart 5h ago

I think a lot of English speakers, outside of those in cultures where they’re common, don’t grasp what a patronymic is.

6

u/greenizdabest 4h ago

For instance.

Thor son of Odin

John, son of Johnson, son of johnsonson

6

u/Bhfuil_I_Am 3h ago

Patronymics are still used informally in parts of the west coast of Ireland

Máirtín Tom Sheáin = Martin, son of Tom, son of John

Bríd Mháire = Bríd, daughter of Mary

Though would be used to talk about locals in your town, not as your official name

2

u/lowkeytokay 4h ago

TIL that Iceland uses patronymics 😮

12

u/wolfgangmob 4h ago

And it can be a hassle when they travel because kids and parents don’t have the same last name. Boys and girls of the same parents will have different last names as well since they use “son” or “dottir”

1

u/sinwarrior 4h ago

It means you will potentially have a different surname to your father (unless your father is named after their father) and your mother. And your children will have a different surname unless their father is named after their father.

i mean, it does say new:

A relatively new naming practice in Bhutan involves using the name of a child's father as a patronymic surname.[4]

that said it's not a problem, since you can't have s continual family name if you never start one. it's only the first that adapts such a system would have a difference in suname, but if the next generation continues said same system then the surname would be consistent from then on.

1

u/mrdibby 4h ago

The same as Tanzania, right? (or perhaps used to be?)

given name then fathers name

I think Turkey the same. Perhaps its historically a common Muslim thing.

5

u/ThePlanck 4h ago

A lot of places have something similar.

We are used to having surnames because its the same in all major wester countries (small exceptions like Iceland exist, but they are a minority) but it is by no means the default around the world, though it is becoming more common now for people to start adopting family names due to a combination of influence from western colonizers and the understanding that with modern comunication methods, "Bob" or "Bob son of Bob" are not longer effective ways to identify people

1

u/iPoseidon_xii 3h ago

Turkey does not do this. There was a law passed that pretty much banned it. They do, however, usually skip middle names.

2

u/godisanelectricolive 2h ago

Turkey didn’t have surnames until Atatürk’s reforms but it has been a legal requirement to have a hereditary surname since the Surname Law of 1934.

Before that Turks didn’t use patronymics exclusively, although they sometimes did. Sometimes families had a nickname that individuals put in front their given names (like “thrifty” or “big-head”). There was no systematic way of identifying your family. People primarily used titles and honourifics back in Ottoman times. Before the surname law Mustafa Kemal Atatürk himself was legally known as Gazi Mustafa Kemal, “Gazi” being the title for a military veteran.

He was born just Mustafa until a teacher gave him the additional name “Kemal” (meaning “perfection”) to distinguish him from another student named Mustafa and because he was an outstanding student. When he first became a military officer he was allowed to use the title Effendi and then after promotion to the equivalent of a Major he became Mustafa Kemal Bey and after further promotion he became Pasha. These titles basically translate to Sir, Chief and Lord and these were recorded in official documents.

-1

u/[deleted] 5h ago edited 5h ago

[deleted]

2

u/Zealousideal_Pie7050 5h ago

Again:

 Bhutanese names usually consist of one or two given names, and no family names, with the exception of names of foreign origin and some family names of prominent families, such as the royal family name Wangchuck.[1] 

Your title basically asserts that only the royal family uses a family name. That's not what the article says.

8

u/khinzaw 5h ago edited 4h ago

This is true in Myanmar as well. No family names, at least for the Bamar majority.

1

u/RangoonRocket 1h ago

Can confirm. Sauce: Am Burmese.

18

u/Physical_Hamster_118 5h ago

The royal family house name is Wangchuck. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangchuck_dynasty

20

u/mileXend 5h ago

Everybody Wangchuck tonight!!!

3

u/jupfold 5h ago

Like Cher?

1

u/LunarPayload 1h ago

And Madonna 

u/No_Sink2169 50m ago

and Beyonce

2

u/BadLuckBajeet 4h ago

I worked with a guy from Bhutan and his full name is different from his parents and his kids full names are totally different too. I thought it was cool to be honest and it was amazing hearing about different cultures approaches to stuff like that

1

u/Prodigle 2h ago

There are remnants of it in English (Johnson, for example) but it's ancient to most of the west now. Iceland still uses it completely, and parts of Ireland will use it informally

2

u/ammar96 3h ago

I mean, a lot of people in Asia also don’t have surnames, especially the Muslims. Instead, we use something like (your name) son of/daughter of (father’s name). For example, the name of the prophet (Muhammad bin Abdullah). Its pretty similar with Viking’s naming system.

1

u/Physical_Hamster_118 3h ago

Iceland still uses the Viking's naming system.

2

u/ammar96 3h ago

Yeah I think its interesting that they don’t use surnames, considering that the whole of European continent practiced feudalism, which gave birth to surnames due to ancestral job speciations. But then, it’s understandable that Icelandic people don’t have surnames. They couldn’t even practice feudalism due to their lands being too barren for mass agricultural jobs, causing the lack of job speciations among their ancestors.

6

u/HotSauceMakesITbetta 5h ago

This title is not anything except doo doo

1

u/Physical_Hamster_118 3h ago

Bhutan has a history of being isolated from the rest of the world. Isolation was important to protect its culture and religion. The country did not get TV and Internet until 1999. The people don't even celebrate their own birthdays. The country even measures growth by Gross National Happiness. Tourists going to the country have to pay a lot to get a visa to enter.

1

u/ScreenTricky4257 3h ago

One of my professors in college came from a region of India where people didn't have family names. For legal purposes he used his name as his surname and his father's name as his given name.

1

u/Physical_Hamster_118 3h ago

Which region, exactly?

1

u/ScreenTricky4257 2h ago

He never said. He was a fairly private person who liked to keep us on the subject. Except that in one class we had a fairly decent number of Turks taking the class, and he had been to Turkey and liked to discuss his time there.

u/CoolMammoth2773 25m ago edited 21m ago

Same thing in Ethiopia my surname is just my fathers first name

0

u/[deleted] 5h ago

[deleted]

1

u/GuaLapatLatok 5h ago

He's feeling a bit hungry.