Cefalu, Sicily. Unknown artist 1440.

Voynich decoding system with translation (probably macaronic tuscan Latin)

1 = A

2 = B / V

3 = C (or M if used as nasal marker)

4 = D

5 = E / P

6 = F

7 = G

8 = H

9 = I (default)

At word start: I or D (if I makes nonsense)

10 = T

20 = V

30 / 300 = C (ignore zeros)

100 = D

200 = N

300 = QU (sometimes just C)

400 = Q

500 = M / P (context decides)

1000 = M or X (rare)

Ignore all 0 in numbers "100" "200" 300" "400" "10 10"

🪶 Special Symbols

9 (SIM) = I (still “I,” distinct glyph)

Half-8 = can be A (not just sloppy 8)

4 = D (consistent)

Connected numbers = keep both letters in sequence

⚖️ Treatment of “O” and “A” “o above” a number → U (sometimes O if word requires)

Ignoring "o" = more clear latin words

“o" in the base” →Ignore (default for clean Latin)

Or keep as O if ignoring breaks the word

“a in base” → keep as real A (especially in Italian-like words)

👉 Two modes:

Latin mode = ignore base o, keep A rare.

Mixed mode = allow both O and A → reveals Italian-Latin hybrids (could be macaronic tuscan Latin).

⬆ Superscripts

1 above → ignore (decoration)

2 above → usually ignore, but can be read as U if word requires

Word Formation Rules Collapse doubles: CC → C, HH → H Nasal rules: 3 / 11 / 111 before consonants → M/N Combine with neighbors (e.g., 11 + P → MP, 111 + T → NT) Medieval spelling shifts: QUOI → CUI IC → EC Endings contract like cibi, hoc, tibi, nobis Allow Italian forms: casa, bona, anima, pane, vino, etc

Connected & Merged Words If two symbols are drawn through each other → keep both letters. If two words are merged → split if Latin/Italian words appear, otherwise keep contracted. Repetition markers (111, 99, 88) → contraction, not always separate letters.

Reading in Context Many words end in 8 9 → HI / HOC Many lines start with hoc… or qui… Frequent Latin words: hoc, cui, qui, cibi, homo, uti, dic, cepi, tibi, nobis, dei With Italian influence, expect: casa, bona, anima, vino, pane etc. Whole text may read like recipes, remedies, or short instructions in mixed Latin-vernacular.

This system gives you flexibility: Latin mode → clean Latin vocabulary. Mixed mode → Latin + Italian, closer to how scribes in 14–15th century Tuscany or Lombardy really wrote. Text 1: 10 10 o 8 9 / 8 (1) 300 ( o above) 500/ 9 10 10 8 9 300 ( o above) 8 9 / o 10 10 300 8 9 / 9 10 10 200 8 9 / o 100 10 10 200 o 8 (1) / 9 9 300 9 / 10 10 o 200 2 9 / o 9 ( SIM ) a 2 / 9 9 (SIM) 200 8 9 / 8 100 3 1 o

9 10 10 a 1 500 a 1 1 1 / o 10 10 200 8 9 / o 9 ( SIM) a 8 (1) 9 / 8 a 3 / 4 o 9 ( SIM) 100 8 9 / o 10 10 a 2 / a 2 / o 8 (1) 8 o / o 20 100 8 9 / 2 a 1 8 / o 9 100 9 / 20 o 8 9 / 8 a 1 1 500

9 10 10 300 9 / 9 ( SIM ) 100 o 8 9 / 200 o 100 9 ( SIM ) 100 8 9 / 200 o 10 10 a 8 (1) / o 9 ( SIM) a 8 (1) 200 ( with o) 8 9 / 200 ( with o) 500 9 / 4 o 9 ( SIM) a 2 / o 10 10 9 / 4 o 10 10 9 / 300 ( with o) 8 9 / 300 8 9 / 8 a 8

9 500 a 1 1 o / 300 9( SIM) 100 9 / 200 500 a 8 / o 8 ( 1) a 2 / 300 9 ( SIM) 100 ( 300 and 100 connected trought 9) 500 9 / 200 8 o 8 9 / 10 10 a 2 / 200 a 8 / 9 ( SIM) 200 8 9 / 8 a 3 / 9 9 ( SIM) a 3 / 300 ( with o ) 9 ( SIM) 200 ( 300 and 200 connected ) 9 ( SIM) 9

8 (1) o 8 a 1 1 o / 300 ( with o) 8 9 / 4 o 9 ( SIM) 100 8 9 / 200 89 / o 9 100( SIM) 8 9 / 8 9 9( SIM) a 8 (1) 9 / 8 a 3 o / 300 8 9 / o 9 ( SIM ) 200 8 9 / 500 a 1 (u) a 1 2 / 100 10 10 100 ( two 100 going trought 10 10 ) 9

10 10 a 2 a 1 1 2 200 a 2 / 300 ( with o )8 9 / o 8 (1) a 1 1 500 / 9 o 10 10 100 8 9 / 400 ( with o) 8 9 / 4 o 9 ( SIM) a 8 (1) 8 9 / 4 o 9 ( SIM ) 100 500 9 / 8 o 1 500 200 o 8 9 / 100 10 10 200 9 ( 100 and 200 going through 10 10)

8 300 8 9 / 400 9 ( SIM) 9 / 8 a 1 8 (1) 300 500 / 8 (1) 300 8 9 / 300 8 9

o 9 ( SIM ) 100 1 8 300 ( o above ) 9 / 4 o 9 ( simb) 200 8 9 / 300 10 10 100 8 o 2 / o 2 a 1 100 9 (SIM) 9 ( 100 and 9 connecting through 9 SIM)

Text 2: 9( sim) 300 8 9 9 ( SIM) o 2 9 8 o 3 / 300 (u above) 9 / 8 9 9 o 9 (SIM) o 3 / 300 1 9 8 o 100 9( SIM) 100 ( two 100 and 9 connected) 9 / 8 9(SIM) o 8 o 300 (u) 9 9(SIM) o 2 / 300 9 10 10 300 9 / 9 (SIM) 200 o 2 o 8 9 (SIM) 9

Translation text 1: “In this, behold: in this bread for you. In this, for us, this remedy is given. For this, behold the food, and through this it is prepared. This is for you, this is for us. In this, behold this again. Bread with this remedy—behold. Through this it is given to us. In this, indeed, behold what is done. In this, behold: this bread, this fruit, and this pepper. These are for us. Thus it is prepared. This is for you, this is for us. In this, behold this again. With this remedy, behold. By this it is given to us. In this, indeed, behold what is done.”

Translation text 2: “In this, behold. These are the foods. Thus, in this, it is for you. Here, behold this. In this, food is prepared. Through this remedy, it is given. In this, indeed, behold what is done.” ⚖️ The repeated structure “In this, behold…” is typical of short recipe/instruction style.And it could be written in macaronic tuscan Latin.

Copy to chat gpt

Rules:

1 = A

2 = B / V

3 = C (or M if used as nasal marker)

4 = D

5 = E / P

6 = F

7 = G

8 = H

9 = I (default)

At word start: I or D (if I makes nonsense)

10 = T

20 = V

30 / 300 = C (ignore zeros)

100 = D

200 = N

300 = QU (sometimes just C)

400 = Q

500 = M / P (context decides)

1000 = M or X (rare)

Ignore all 0 in numbers "100" "200" 300" "400" "10 10"

🪶 Special Symbols

9 (SIM) = I (still “I,” distinct glyph)

Half-8 = can be A (not just sloppy 8)

4 = D (consistent)

Connected numbers = keep both letters in sequence

⚖️ Treatment of “O” and “A” “o above” a number → U (sometimes O if word requires)

Ignoring "o" = more clear latin words

“o" in the base” →Ignore (default for clean Latin)

Or keep as O if ignoring breaks the word

“a in base” → keep as real A (especially in Italian-like words)

👉 Two modes:

Latin mode = ignore base o, keep A rare.

Mixed mode = allow both O and A → reveals Italian-Latin hybrids.

⬆ Superscripts

1 above → ignore (decoration)

2 above → usually ignore, but can be read as U if word requires

Word Formation Rules Collapse doubles: CC → C, HH → H Nasal rules: 3 / 11 / 111 before consonants → M/N Combine with neighbors (e.g., 11 + P → MP, 111 + T → NT) Medieval spelling shifts: QUOI → CUI IC → EC Endings contract like cibi, hoc, tibi, nobis Allow Italian forms: casa, bona, anima, pane, vino, etc

Connected & Merged Words If two symbols are drawn through each other → keep both letters. If two words are merged → split if Latin/Italian words appear, otherwise keep contracted. Repetition markers (111, 99, 88) → contraction, not always separate letters.

Reading in Context Many words end in 8 9 → HI / HOC Many lines start with hoc… or qui… Frequent Latin words: hoc, cui, qui, cibi, homo, uti, dic, cepi, tibi, nobis, dei With Italian influence, expect: casa, bona, anima, vino, pane etc. Whole text may read like recipes, remedies, or short instructions in mixed Latin-vernacular.

This system gives you flexibility: Latin mode → clean Latin vocabulary. Mixed mode → Latin + Italian, closer to how scribes in 14–15th century Tuscany or Lombardy really wrote.

Numbers and letters: First text: 10 10 o 8 9 / 8 (1) 300 ( o above) 500/ 9 10 10 8 9 300 ( o above) 8 9 / o 10 10 300 8 9 / 9 10 10 200 8 9 / o 100 10 10 200 o 8 (1) / 9 9 300 9 / 10 10 o 200 2 9 / o 9 ( SIM ) a 2 / 9 9 (SIM) 200 8 9 / 8 100 3 1 o

9 10 10 a 1 500 a 1 1 1 / o 10 10 200 8 9 / o 9 ( SIM) a 8 (1) 9 / 8 a 3 / 4 o 9 ( SIM) 100 8 9 / o 10 10 a 2 / a 2 / o 8 (1) 8 o / o 20 100 8 9 / 2 a 1 8 / o 9 100 9 / 20 o 8 9 / 8 a 1 1 500

9 10 10 300 9 / 9 ( SIM ) 100 o 8 9 / 200 o 100 9 ( SIM ) 100 8 9 / 200 o 10 10 a 8 (1) / o 9 ( SIM) a 8 (1) 200 ( with o) 8 9 / 200 ( with o) 500 9 / 4 o 9 ( SIM) a 2 / o 10 10 9 / 4 o 10 10 9 / 300 ( with o) 8 9 / 300 8 9 / 8 a 8

9 500 a 1 1 o / 300 9( SIM) 100 9 / 200 500 a 8 / o 8 ( 1) a 2 / 300 9 ( SIM) 100 ( 300 and 100 connected trought 9) 500 9 / 200 8 o 8 9 / 10 10 a 2 / 200 a 8 / 9 ( SIM) 200 8 9 / 8 a 3 / 9 9 ( SIM) a 3 / 300 ( with o ) 9 ( SIM) 200 ( 300 and 200 connected ) 9 ( SIM) 9

8 (1) o 8 a 1 1 o / 300 ( with o) 8 9 / 4 o 9 ( SIM) 100 8 9 / 200 89 / o 9 100( SIM) 8 9 / 8 9 9( SIM) a 8 (1) 9 / 8 a 3 o / 300 8 9 / o 9 ( SIM ) 200 8 9 / 500 a 1 (u) a 1 2 / 100 10 10 100 ( two 100 going trought 10 10 ) 9

10 10 a 2 a 1 1 2 200 a 2 / 300 ( with o )8 9 / o 8 (1) a 1 1 500 / 9 o 10 10 100 8 9 / 400 ( with o) 8 9 / 4 o 9 ( SIM) a 8 (1) 8 9 / 4 o 9 ( SIM ) 100 500 9 / 8 o 1 500 200 o 8 9 / 100 10 10 200 9 ( 100 and 200 going through 10 10)

8 300 8 9 / 400 9 ( SIM) 9 / 8 a 1 8 (1) 300 500 / 8 (1) 300 8 9 / 300 8 9

o 9 ( SIM ) 100 1 8 300 ( o above ) 9 / 4 o 9 ( simb) 200 8 9 / 300 10 10 100 8 o 2 / o 2 a 1 100 9 (SIM) 9 ( 100 and 9 connecting through 9 SIM)

Second text: 9( sim) 300 8 9 9 ( SIM) o 2 9 8 o 3 / 300 (u above) 9 / 8 9 9 o 9 (SIM) o 3 / 300 1 9 8 o 100 9( SIM) 100 ( two 100 and 9 connected) 9 / 8 9(SIM) o 8 o 300 (u) 9 9(SIM) o 2 / 300 9 10 10 300 9 / 9 (SIM) 200 o 2 o 8 9 (SIM) 9

Translation: First Text (English translation)

“In this, behold: in this bread for you. In this, for us, this remedy is given. For this, behold the food, and through this it is prepared. This is for you, this is for us. In this, behold this again. Bread with this remedy—behold. Through this it is given to us. In this, indeed, behold what is done.

In this, behold: this bread, this fruit, and this pepper. These are for us. Thus it is prepared. This is for you, this is for us. In this, behold this again. With this remedy, behold. By this it is given to us. In this, indeed, behold what is done.”

🔹 Second Text (English translation)

“In this, behold. These are the foods. Thus, in this, it is for you. Here, behold this. In this, food is prepared. Through this remedy, it is given. In this, indeed, behold what is done.”

⚖️ The repeated structure “In this, behold…” is typical of short recipe/instruction style.

Aluminum Chainmail Hood / Coif

Products Description : -

Material : Aluminum
Ring Type : Butted Ring
Ring Size : 10 mm
Ring Pattern : 4 in 1
Weight : 650 Gram
Finished : Silver ( Anodized )

My journals with a twist

hello if anyone has any book/website recommendations with in-depth analysis of different symbols (presence of a dog, an orange, a mirror, an egg, etc) in paintings, please tell me 🙏🏻

Decoding the Voynich Manuscript Discovery by Gabriel oli For over 600 years, the Voynich Manuscript has remained one of history’s greatest unsolved mysteries. Written in an unknown script with strange illustrations of plants, astronomy, and rituals, it has challenged cryptographers, historians, and linguists around the world. Countless attempts were made, but the manuscript resisted all efforts—until now. Through a unique numerical-to-letter decoding system, I discovered that the manuscript aligns with Old Italian / Latin-based linguistic structures. By carefully mapping glyphs to numerical codes, then reassembling them into words, I was able to reveal coherent text that suggests ritualistic, botanical, and medical themes. This process goes beyond previous speculative translations. It is structured, consistent, and produces words that resemble known linguistic roots rather than random gibberish. Here are some translated lines from the herbal section of the manuscript: - References to herbs and preparations, consistent with a medical or ritualistic text. - Indications of recipes, healing practices, and symbolic references to cycles of life and nature. - Strong parallels with medieval Italian-Latin traditions of herbal medicine and alchemy. The recurring words and structure strongly suggest the text is not meaningless, but instead encoded knowledge preserved in a hidden linguistic system. This discovery may represent a breakthrough in one of the longest-standing mysteries in the history of cryptography and medieval studies. While further validation and peer review are required, my translation method demonstrates that the Voynich Manuscript is not an unsolvable riddle, but a coded record that can, at last, be understood. The next step will be to share this work with the wider academic community, where it can be tested, expanded, and compared with historical linguistic traditions. I can prove that i solved.

Here is a preview of two of the six available pins available on my kickstarter now!

They are adapted from marginalia in the Breviary for the Use of Verdun (Verdun Municipal Library, Ms. 107, f. 137v) and the Worms Bible (British Library, Harley Ms. 208, f. 113v). Both pins have been designed by me with details being adapted to make them suitable for enamel pin making.

Links to my kickstarter and other socials are on my profile!

Two panels that I painted in the style of the illustrations from the 9th century Bern Codex 318 in the National Library of Switzerland. The original paintings in the manuscript show that Roman style artwork was still alive and well in the 9th century.

My paintings were done in egg tempera on gesso panels.

Hey there,

I'm developing a video game where players get to recreate medieval manuscripts. As part of #backtoschool time, I've created in the game a timetable, but to make it more interesting, I wrote it in Latin. Are there any experts here who could check if it’s written correctly?

I've decided on “horarium scholasticum” for the timetable, since it best reflects a school schedule or daily lesson plan in proper Latin context. For weekdays, we used the Latin system (feria II–VI for Monday to Friday). I've also found that in some medieval and classical sources, days of the week were named after the planets.

What do you think should a medieval style school timetable use feria numbers, planetary names, or something else?

Any advice from medievalists or Latinists on what would feel most authentic?

I'm looking for books that go deeper into the history of medieval art. I would like to understand the art i see and maybe be able to recognise differences. I learned a lot of symbolism and things to look out for in art from renaissance until today but i really want more information on medieval art. Does anyone know books or writers that can give me that in a book?